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Bên cạnh việc điểm báo hằng ngày để giúp em cải thiện khả năng IELTS READING, IELTS TUTOR tổng hợp Từ vựng topic Government spending IELTS, đây là topic từ vựng mà thông thường các bạn học sinh lớp IELTS ONLINE WRITING của IELTS TUTOR sẽ gặp khó khăn
I. Từ vựng topic "Government spending"
1. Noun
IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:
Allocation (noun):
- Definition: The process of distributing funds or resources for specific purposes.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The government's allocation of funds for education has increased access to quality schools.
Expenditure (noun):
- Definition: The total amount of money spent by the government within a specific time frame.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The government's expenditure on healthcare has risen significantly in recent years.
Budget (noun):
- Definition: A financial plan that outlines government spending and revenue for a particular period.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The annual budget includes allocations for infrastructure development.
Deficit (noun):
- Definition: The situation where government spending exceeds revenue, resulting in a financial shortfall.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The government had to address the budget deficit through tax reforms.
Investment (noun):
- Definition: Funds allocated for long-term projects or initiatives that aim to generate future benefits.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Government investment in renewable energy has led to job creation and reduced carbon emissions.
Infrastructure (noun):
- Definition: The basic physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for the operation of a society.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Improving infrastructure through government spending can enhance a country's economic growth.
Aid (noun):
- Definition: Financial assistance provided by one government to another, typically for developmental or humanitarian purposes.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Foreign aid plays a crucial role in supporting healthcare initiatives in developing nations.
Subsidy (noun):
- Definition: A financial incentive or support given by the government to specific industries or sectors.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The government offers subsidies to farmers to promote agricultural productivity.
Entitlement (noun):
- Definition: A government program that provides benefits to eligible individuals, such as Social Security or Medicare.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Social Security is an entitlement program that supports retired citizens.
Debt (noun):
- Definition: The total amount of money that a government owes as a result of borrowing or accumulated deficits.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Reducing the national debt is a priority for fiscal responsibility.
Budget Allocation
- Definition: The process of distributing funds within a government's budget for various purposes.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The budget allocation for education was increased to improve the quality of schools.
Fiscal Policy
- Definition: The government's use of taxation and public expenditure to influence the economy.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The government implemented a new fiscal policy to stimulate economic growth.
Public Expenditure
- Definition: The total amount of money spent by the government on various programs and services.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Public expenditure on healthcare has been steadily increasing over the years.
Government Grants
- Definition: Financial assistance provided by the government to individuals, organizations, or projects.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The government grants supported small businesses during the economic downturn.
Tax Revenue
- Definition: Income generated by the government through taxation, including income tax and sales tax.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Tax revenue plays a crucial role in funding public services like healthcare and education.
Deficit Reduction
- Definition: Efforts made by the government to decrease the budget deficit, often through spending cuts or increased revenue.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The government's deficit reduction plan aimed to achieve a balanced budget.
Infrastructure Investment
- Definition: Funding directed towards improving and maintaining essential public infrastructure, such as roads and bridges.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The government's infrastructure investment led to the construction of new highways.
Social Welfare Programs
- Definition: Government initiatives designed to provide support and assistance to vulnerable populations.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Social welfare programs include unemployment benefits and food assistance.
Debt Management
- Definition: Strategies and actions taken by the government to handle and reduce national debt.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Effective debt management is essential to ensure the country's financial stability.
2. Verb
IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:
Allocate (verb):
- Definition: To distribute or assign a portion of the government budget to a specific purpose, program, or sector.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The government decided to allocate a significant portion of its budget to healthcare services.
Invest (verb):
- Definition: To use government funds to support and develop various sectors or projects for the long-term benefit of the economy and society.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The government plans to invest heavily in renewable energy initiatives to reduce carbon emissions.
Prioritize (verb):
- Definition: To determine the order of importance among various government expenditures and activities.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The government must prioritize education and infrastructure development to ensure long-term prosperity.
Fund (verb):
- Definition: To provide financial support or resources from the government for a specific project, program, or organization.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The government decided to fund research into innovative technologies to enhance national security.
Cut (verb):
- Definition: To reduce government spending in a particular area or program.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Due to budget constraints, the government had to cut funding for some public services.
Subsidize (verb):
- Definition: To provide financial assistance or incentives to specific industries, businesses, or individuals.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The government chose to subsidize agricultural production to ensure food security.>> IELTS TUTOR có hướng dẫn kĩ Hướng dẫn đề thi IELTS 21/11/2020 bài WRITING TASK 1 (map) về school library (kèm bài sửa cho HS đi thi)
Audit (verb):
- Definition: To examine and evaluate government financial records and expenditures to ensure transparency and accountability.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The government commissioned an independent agency to audit its financial transactions.
Increase (verb):
- Definition: To raise the amount of money allocated to a particular government program or service.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The government decided to increase funding for public healthcare to improve accessibility.
Monitor (verb):
- Definition: To oversee and track the implementation of government spending to ensure it aligns with established policies.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Government agencies actively monitor the use of funds in various public projects.
Reallocate (verb):
- Definition: To adjust the distribution of government funds by shifting resources from one area to another.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: In response to changing priorities, the government decided to reallocate resources to support the education sector.
3. Adj
IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:
Sustainable (adjective):
- Definition: Capable of being maintained or continued without causing excessive debt or harm to the economy.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The government aims to develop sustainable spending policies to ensure long-term fiscal stability.
Excessive (adjective):
- Definition: Going beyond what is necessary or reasonable, often referring to high levels of government expenditure.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Critics argue that the government's excessive spending is contributing to rising national debt.
Prudent (adjective):
- Definition: Demonstrating careful and sensible financial management, avoiding wasteful or unnecessary expenditures.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The government's prudent approach to budgeting has helped maintain economic stability.
Adequate (adjective):
- Definition: Sufficient in quantity or quality to meet a particular purpose or need.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The government must ensure that there is an adequate budget allocation for public education.
Fiscal (adjective):
- Definition: Relating to government revenue, taxes, and expenditures, often used to describe financial policies.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The fiscal policies of the government are aimed at reducing budget deficits.
Transparent (adjective):
- Definition: Characterized by openness and clarity, particularly in government financial operations.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Transparency in government spending is essential to build trust with the public.
Inclusive (adjective):
- Definition: Embracing a wide range of programs and initiatives to cater to various segments of society.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: An inclusive approach to government spending ensures that all citizens benefit from public resources.
Balanced (adjective):
- Definition: Maintaining equilibrium or harmony in government finances, ensuring that expenditures do not exceed revenue.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: A balanced budget is essential to prevent economic instability.
Targeted (adjective):
- Definition: Aimed at specific objectives or groups, often used in reference to government spending on particular programs.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The government introduced targeted subsidies to support low-income families.
Wasteful (adjective):
- Definition: Characterized by excessive or inefficient use of resources, often associated with government spending practices.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Critics argue that the wasteful allocation of funds has led to unnecessary government expenditures.
Economical (adj.):
- Definition: Referring to government spending that is careful and efficient, minimizing waste.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The government implemented economical measures to reduce unnecessary expenses.
Strategic (adj.):
- Definition: Describing government spending that is well-planned and aimed at achieving long-term goals.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The strategic allocation of funds in education is essential for building a skilled workforce.
Inclusive (adj.):
- Definition: Describing government spending policies that aim to benefit all segments of the population
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Inclusive social welfare programs ensure that no one is left without essential support.
Accountable (adj.):
- Definition: Referring to government spending that is subject to oversight and responsibility for the use of funds.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The government implemented measures to ensure accountable spending in public projects.
Efficient (adj.):
- Definition: Indicating government spending that achieves maximum results with the least amount of resources.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The efficient allocation of resources increased the effectiveness of public services.
4. Phrasal verb
IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:
Phase out (phrasal verb):
- Definition: To gradually eliminate or reduce government funding or support for a program or initiative.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The government plans to phase out subsidies for fossil fuel industries to promote renewable energy.>> IELTS TUTOR có hướng dẫn kĩ SỬA BÀI IELTS WRITING TASK 2 ĐỀ THI THẬT NGÀY 22/8/2020 của HS IELTS TUTOR đạt 6.5 Writing
Top up (phrasal verb):
- Definition: To provide additional funding or resources to supplement existing government spending.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The government decided to top up the budget for public schools to improve educational outcomes.
Write off (phrasal verb):
- Definition: To formally cancel or forgive a debt or financial obligation, often related to government loans or grants.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The government announced a plan to write off student loan debt for graduates in certain professions.
Hold back (phrasal verb):
- Definition: To restrain or limit government spending, often due to budget constraints or economic concerns.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The economic downturn forced the government to hold back on infrastructure investments.
Carry over (phrasal verb):
- Definition: To transfer unused funds from one budgetary period to the next, often to avoid losing them.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The department was able to carry over some funds from the previous year to finance new projects.
Set aside (phrasal verb):
- Definition: To allocate a specific amount of money or resources for a particular purpose or project.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The government set aside a substantial budget to improve public transportation infrastructure.
5. Idiom
IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:
Break the bank (idiom):
- Definition: To spend more money than is available in the budget or financial resources.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The government's ambitious infrastructure plan threatened to break the bank unless additional revenue sources were identified.
Rob Peter to pay Paul (idiom):
- Definition: To take from one source or fund to cover expenses in another area, often leading to a robbing-peter-to-pay-paul situation.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The decision to cut education funding to finance healthcare created a robbing-peter-to-pay-paul scenario, causing concern among educators.
Empty pockets (idiom):
- Definition: To deplete financial resources, often due to excessive spending or mismanagement.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The government found itself with empty pockets after years of reckless expenditure.
Money down the drain (idiom):
- Definition: Money spent or wasted on something that brings no benefit or result.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The lavish government-sponsored event was criticized as a colossal waste of money, with many considering it money down the drain.
Live beyond one's means (idiom):
- Definition: To spend more money than one earns or has available, often leading to financial difficulties.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The government's habit of living beyond its means eventually resulted in a fiscal crisis.
Rob the cradle to pay the grave (idiom):
- Definition: To divert funds from younger generations (the cradle) to cover expenses for older generations (the grave), typically referring to pension or entitlement programs.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The government faced a dilemma of whether to reform the pension system to avoid robbing the cradle to pay the grave.
Stretch a dollar (idiom):
- Definition: To manage money carefully and make it go as far as possible, often used in situations of budget constraints.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: During the economic downturn, the government had to learn how to stretch a dollar to meet the needs of its citizens effectively.
6. Adv
IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:
Rigorously (adverb):
- Definition: In a thorough and strict manner, often applied to the process of budget review or financial control.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The government rigorously examined its expenditures to identify areas for cost savings.
Sustainably (adverb):
- Definition: In an environmentally responsible and financially viable manner, emphasizing long-term resource management.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The government aims to develop sustainably by investing in renewable energy sources.
Prudently (adverb):
- Definition: In a careful and cautious manner, typically regarding financial decisions to avoid excessive debt.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The government prudently managed its finances to prevent budget deficits.
Strategically (adverb):
- Definition: In a planned and calculated manner, often related to allocating resources for long-term goals.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The government invested strategically in education to improve the nation's future workforce.
Transparently (adverb):
- Definition: In a clear, open, and easily understandable manner, often referring to financial reporting and accountability.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The government pledged to operate transparently by publishing its budget details for public scrutiny.
Efficiently (adverb):
- Definition: In a way that maximizes productivity and minimizes waste, particularly in resource allocation.>> IELTS TUTOR hướng dẫn PHÂN TÍCH ĐỀ THI 30/5/2020 IELTS WRITING TASK 2 (kèm bài sửa HS đạt 6.5)
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The government streamlined its operations to use taxpayer funds more efficiently.
Equitably (adverb):
- Definition: In a fair and just manner, ensuring that resources and benefits are distributed fairly among all citizens.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Government policies should aim to distribute social benefits equitably to reduce income inequality.
Responsibly (adverb):
- Definition: In a manner that shows consideration for ethical, social, and financial responsibilities.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The government responsibly invested in healthcare to improve the well-being of its citizens.
Proactively (adverb):
- Definition: In an anticipatory and forward-thinking manner, taking action to prevent potential issues.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The government proactively addressed economic challenges by diversifying its revenue sources.
Conservatively (adverb):
- Definition: In a cautious and risk-averse manner, particularly when managing finances or budgets.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The government budgeted conservatively to ensure fiscal stability in uncertain times.
7. Collocation
IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:
Increase expenditure (collocation):
- Definition: To raise the amount of money that the government spends on a particular program or service.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The government decided to increase expenditure on healthcare to improve access and quality.
Budget allocation (collocation):
- Definition: The process of assigning specific amounts of money to different areas or programs within the government budget.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The budget allocation for education received significant attention in the latest fiscal plan.
Austerity measures (collocation):
- Definition: Policies and actions taken by the government to reduce public spending and control budget deficits.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: During the economic downturn, the government implemented austerity measures, including salary cuts for public employees.
Fiscal responsibility (collocation):
- Definition: The government's commitment to managing its finances prudently and avoiding excessive debt.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Maintaining fiscal responsibility is crucial for long-term economic stability.
Public infrastructure investment (collocation):
- Definition: Government spending on the construction and maintenance of essential public facilities such as roads, bridges, and utilities.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The government's public infrastructure investment plan aims to modernize the country's transportation network.
Budget shortfall (collocation):
- Definition: A situation where government revenue falls short of the projected expenses, leading to a deficit.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The budget shortfall prompted discussions on possible tax reforms to increase revenue.
Government subsidy (collocation):
- Definition: Financial assistance provided by the government to support specific industries, products, or services.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The government subsidy for renewable energy initiatives encouraged the growth of the clean energy sector.
Capital expenditure (collocation):
- Definition: Government spending on investments in long-term assets, such as infrastructure or technology.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The government's capital expenditure program includes upgrading the country's broadband network.
Debt reduction strategy (collocation):
- Definition: A plan implemented by the government to lower its overall debt burden over time.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The government's debt reduction strategy involves gradually paying down existing loans to improve financial stability.
Social welfare programs (collocation):
- Definition: Government initiatives that provide financial support and assistance to individuals or families in need.
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Social welfare programs are essential for ensuring a safety net for vulnerable populations.
II. Ideas topic "Government spending"
IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:
- Good health is essential to every person, so medical services should not be run by profit-making companies
- More money has to be spent on road systems
- Many countries have spent vast sums of money on armament for the sake of self-defence
- It is a moral obligation for developed countries to provide international aid to developing countries while others worry that the aid might possibly be misused by the governments of the poor countries and cannot actually help the poor people to improve their living standard
- Rich countries should help the poor countries by giving money directly
- There are other more effective forms of international aid
- What the poor countries need most is not financial aid or loans, but advanced technologies and talents in some key areas
- Tham khảo kĩ về mệnh đề danh từ mà IELTS TUTOR đã hướng dẫn
- Implement
- Supervise
- State-owned (adj) thuộc sở hữu nhà nước
- Prioritise (v) ưu tiên cho
- Tax revenue
- Enact law
- Welfare system
- Public service: dịch vụ công
- Affordable house: nhà phải chăng
- Health care service
- Impose censorship on: ban hành kiểm duyệt
- Non-profit organisation
- Compat corruption
- Brigde the gap between the rich and the poor
- Create job opportunities
- Improve the quality of service
- Ensure social equality
- government money = public money = national budgets = state budgets = government funding
- spend money on …
- Học kĩ các cách paraphrase với từ spend mà IELTS TUTOR đã hướng dẫn
- a huge amount of money = millions of dollars
- a waste of the budget = a waste of public money = money-wasting: phí tiền
- to provide financial support for = to offer financial assistance to = give money to: hỗ trợ tài chính cho…
- financial resources: các nguồn lực tài chính
- to support people who are living in poverty: hỗ trợ người nghèo
- help from the state = government help: sự giúp đỡ từ chính phủ
- Học thêm các cách paraphrase từ government mà IELTS TUTOR đã hướng dẫn
- government support for… = government funding for…: sự hỗ trợ của chính phủ cho…
- Advanced technologies and science are driving force behind the rich nations
- Hi-tech products, innovations and good management can greatly improve the productivity of whole society and, hence, the wealth is accumulated at a high speed
- To help the poor, we had better give them tools of making a fortune
- The developed countries can not only send expert teams to poor nations to build roads, dams, factories and other infrastructures, but train talents and experts for them
- Học thêm cấu trúc not only...but also mà IELTS TUTOR hướng dẫn
- The rich countries can provide scholarships or financial help to the students from the poor regions, which some famous western universities are actually doing
- To deliver help = provide more efficient help
- Học kĩ các cách paraphrase từ help trong tiếng anh mà IELTS TUTOR đã hướng dẫn
- Provide aid in form of money
- Money definitely can help the country out of many urgent problems
- The money will be spent in proper ways
- If financial aid is offered, we have to make sure that the money is being spent on what people really need and not on filling the pockets of corrupt politicians
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